The Cons of Animal Testing Essay - 1339 Words

At this moment, millions of animals know cold cages in laboratories as home, but why? Some of these animals are subjects for medical research purposes, while others are used out of pure curiosity and to test different products. Majority of these animals are used in painful experiments and are left in agony. While many of them die, a few animals survive, but these unfortunate ones wish they could be put out of their misery as well. Although scientists have resources they could use to lower the pain each animal endures and even alternatives of their test subjects, millions of innocent creatures are still suffering. The fact that animals are still used when animal experimentation is avoidable and not necessary makes animal testing unethical.†¦show more content†¦That is why people encourage scientists to analyze their entire experiment before they go through with it. Scientists should also be able to justify the use of a number of animals in a specific experiment. Researchers n eed to be able to prove animals were absolutely needed for the experiment because many scientists have become uncertain about the reliability of the results fashioned by tests performed on animals. Results produced by an animal do not accurately determine how a human will react due to differences between their bodily processes, structure, and digestion. Although there are similarities between humans and animals, there are also many differences. Animals and humans with the same health problem may not have the same symptoms. How can an experiment on a rat to test a cancer drug show how a human with cancer will respond to the same treatment when people themselves react differently to identical cancer treatments? In fact the American Anti-Vivisection Society (2013) projects nine out of ten drugs that help animals in experiments are unsuccessful when tested on humans (Scientific Limitations of Using Animals section, para 1). It is dangerous to apply these drugs to humans. Not only is mon ey wasted on experiments that fall short of a cure, but people waiting to be healed are dying when that money could be used on more promising tests. The National Anti-Vivisection Society (2012) declares scientists have made it a routine toShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing937 Words   |  4 PagesAbout Animal Testing? Kaylee Smith 9-6-2017 AGR 199 Introduction and Background Not very many people think about the fact that a majority of the products they buy have been tested on animals, let alone animal testing in general. Animal testing has been going on for many years, with the use of dogs, cats, mice, rabbits, mini pigs, and farm animals. When someone brings up animal testing there usually is an argument about the pros and cons. Many people are against it because the animals are beingRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Each year in USA laboratories more then 100 million animals are burned, poisoned and lamed (Top 5 Shocking Animal Experimentation Facts). Each year scientists use animals in order to progress, to improve life of people and animals. However, many testing animals suffer and die. But others do not agree and support the fact that we should use animals because of advance. So what are advantages and disadvantages of using animals? This problem will be researched from different areas such asRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newly advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of humanRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing2973 Words   |  12 Pagescabinet has been tested on an animal at one point or another. A government funded corporation called the Food and Drug Administration, abbreviated as the FDA, is in charge of making sure that all drugs, cosmetics, biological products, and more are efficient, secure, and safe for human usage. The FDA will not allow any dr ug to be released or sold to the human population if it has not first been tested on animals. In fact, when a drug is first created it is tested on animals before humans are even allowedRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1074 Words   |  5 Pages Animal Testing is a enormous upset in the word today. Animal activist have been trying to put an end to it for years , but to no avail. Animal testing is when scientist will use animals to do experiments on . They will either hook heavy machinery to these poor defenseless animals or inject them with harsh chemicals just to see if its okay for human use. Over 26 millions of animals are used every year in just the united states alone for these cruel acts by the hand of man. Testing on animals haveRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suffer painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowl y kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered over the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. This essay looks into the pros and cons of animalRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing On Animals1896 Words   |  8 PagesHow many animals do you think are used each year in the United States, alone for scientific and commercial animal testing? What if I told you, 26-million animals, remember just in the United States, are used yearly. Animal testing has been used for research since at least 500 B.C. Some people, such as Scientists, say it has extremely revolutionized the society that we are today, such as being able to have vaccines. If it was not for animals testing, we would not have the Hepatitis B shot. In contrastRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 Pag esEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing826 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing, although extremely debated, is something that should no longer be practiced anywhere around the world. Let’s start by taking a look at just how much animal testing is practiced in the United States as well as in other countries. The article called, â€Å"Animal Use Statistics† from the Humane Society International, says, â€Å"Only a small proportion of countries collect and publish data con cerning their use of animals for testing and research, but it is estimated that more than 115 millionRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing905 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing has been the target of animal cruelty groups since the beginning of its existence, but the benefits it provides, humans and animals far greater than the type of method that is used to get the results. Scientists Karl Landsteiner’s success in finding a cure to polio is an example of how the benefits of animal testing helped better future human lives. In his experiments he discovered that Polio viruses had three variations, meaning that they would have to produce a product that could

Andre Norton s Daybreak 2250 A.d - 1160 Words

The world in which we dwell is so complex that it would take a lifetime to grasp and comprehend, and that is why we are given a lifetime. What’s most fascinating about our world is the worlds within it, we are able to create and recreate what is around us and document it through writing. Andre Norton’s Daybreak 2250 A.D. is an excellent example of a textual work that was crafted under the influence of a world structured by the author’s experience and interpreted by the reader’s understanding of their world. We can examine our world, the worlds we read about, and the worlds of the authors of the works that we read, through the lenses of communication, resourcing, and relationship. Every world has a means of communication that is developed within a specific society in our world technology is an integral part of that, in Norton’s world the technology was different, and in the world of Daybreak 2250 A.D. communication was broken down through language and accents. Resources are obtained in different ways in different worlds, Norton’s world and our world is similar in that we have jobs to obtain money to buy ourselves food and water, in the world of Daybreak 2250 A.D. they must hunt for their resources. The last lense through which we will examine the similarities and differences of our worlds is relationship, specifically how our societies relate to each other. Fors was a mutant, he was not accepted by those in his tribe and he sought out to gain the approval of his people.

The Life of Pi Sdy Notes free essay sample

The author is the first speaker of the book. He seems patient, witty, and intellectual. Martel’s descriptive language shows that he is a deep thinker. 2. The story the author hears about Pi supposedly will make him believe in God. Chapter 1 3. Mr. Patel’s two majors in college are zoology and religion. Pi explains how such a beautiful miracles of life, such as the three toed sloth, remind him of God. Chapter 2 4. Chapter is a short chapter that’s sole purpose is to describe Pi. The chapter hints Pi’s simplicity. Chapter 3 5. Mr. Patel states that the pool is more formal and a â€Å"boring flatness. On the contrary, he finds the beach to be very enjoyable. Our narrator was named after the Piscine Moniter- the only that ever made Mamaji fall silent in awe. Chapter 4 7. Piscine says that the only two things important to wild animals are the avoidance of enemies and getting food and water. 8. Piscine thinks that animals are better off in a zoo. Pi defends the zoo and attacks the common belief that wild animals are free, whereas captive animals are â€Å"unfree. † He explains that freedom in the wild is a myth, and that animals are restricted by their survival needs and instinct. In changing his own name, Pi shows us that he is independent, serious, and possible self-conscious. Chapter 6 10. The author is speaking in this chapter, once again describing Pi. 11. The author notes that Pi’s cupboards are packed with a reserve of food. Chapter 7 12. Pi relates Mr. Kumar’s body to a geometric figure. He also describes how he came about his atheism. 13. Mr. Kumar loves comes to the zoo so often to confirm his belief that everything is in order without God. 14. Pi believes that atheists are just from a different faith. Pi practices several deferent religions. Chapter 16 21. Pi claims that his heart commands that his heart commands him to be Hindu, and that he feels at home in the Hindu temple. The universe makes sense to him through Hindu eyes. Chapter 17 22. It irritates Pi that God would let his son die. 23. At first, Pi was worried of being rejected, and felt out of place. The second time he entered the Catholic Church he entered without fear, for he knew that it was his house as well. 24. Pi likes that â€Å"Christianity is a religion in a rush. † Chapter 18 25. Pi was born Hindu. He was introduced to Christianity when he visited the Catholic Church in Munnar through Father Martin’s stories. While exploring Pondicherry, Pi finds a Muslim bakery where he is introduced to Islam. Pi watches the Muslim baker pray, and later returns to the bakery and asks Mr. Kumar (the baker) about Islam, which he finds beautiful. 26. The humorous scene is when the baker surprises Pi. Chapter 19 27. Pi enjoys praying in the mosque because it’s an open construction to God and the breeze. Pi claims to feel immediate religious contact when praying in the mosque. Chapter 20 28. Pi feels that the finest reward is the presence of God. 29. The two intensely religious experiences Pi describes in this chapter are when he was on the way back from the bakery and felt as if he were in heaven. A second time Pi felt an intense connection with God was in Canada, when pi was a clearing in the woods. When the snow fell down from a branch, Pi believed he saw the Virgin Mary. The significance of both these scenes is that Pi feels connections with God in both Islam and Christianity. Chapter 21 30. The author is writing this passage. He has just spent a majority of the afternoon with Pi. This chapter summarizes the author’s feelings about what Pi has taught him. Chapter 22 31. Pi respects atheists because they stay true to their beliefs. Whereas agnostics only have doubt. Chapter 23 32. Pi is scared because his parents, who previously were unaware of his religious practices, were there. 33. All three â€Å"wise men† share very different views on who God is and how to go about worshiping him. 34. *Chart* Chapter 25 35. Pi changed churches, no longer lingered after Friday prayer, and only went to temple at crowded times. Chapter 26 36. Both Islam and Christianity claim Abraham as theirs. Muslims say that the God of Hebrews and Christians is the same as the God of the Muslims. They also recognize David, Moses and Jesus as prophets. 37. Pi compares religion to passports. Chapter 27 38. Pi’s father is confused because they are such a modern family. Chapter 28 39. Pi is baptized and receives a prayer rug. 40. That he is very opinionated about religion. Chapter 30 41. Pi’s surprise for the author is that he has a wife. Pi kept this a secret because he is a shy man who’s been taught â€Å"not to show off what’s most precious to him† Chapter 31 42. Pi is worried when Mr.Kumar, the baker, asks to see the zoo because he doesn’t think he’ll recognize him. This symbolizes that both Muslims and all believers in God for that matter, along with atheists can have similar interests. 44. The baker states â€Å"what a wonderful creature,† whereas the teacher describes the Zebra as â€Å"The Rolls-Royce of equips. † Chapter 33 45. We can infer that Richard Parker is not a human. 46. Pi states that the worst part is that he can hardly remember what his mother looks like. 47. We find out that Pi’s mother has died. Chapter 35 48. Pi is sixteen years old when he and his family move to Canada. Chapter 36 49. The narrator is surprised that Pi has two children. 50. The writer needs to say this because in Part two the story becomes much more depressing. Chapter 37 51. Pi pushes Richard Parker away because he realizes that they will have to be together on a lifeboat if Richard Parker is saved. Pi would want this in the first place because the other animals are dead, and seeing the only living one left, Pi feels the need to save it. Chapter 38 52. The chapter begins describing how strong the Tsintsum was at first. Pi tells the reader how much he enjoyed himself. This shows us how excited Pi was. Chapter 40 53. Pi doesn’t consider this fact because he is so preoccupied with holding on and staying alive that he is not thinking straight. Chapter 41 54. The tiger kills the zebra just like he had killed the goat when Pi was younger. The writer once again describes the beauty of the zebra. Chapter 43 55. Pi thinks that Orange Juice is dying of shock. 56. The hyena is the worst threat to Pi at the moment. This is because it is not injured and eats almost anything. 57. Pi describes the hyena as an ugly, disgusting creature. He also tells the reader how dangerous it is, as it will eat almost anything. Chapter 45 58. In this chapter Pi is cautious and anxious. 59. Pi is upset by the fact that his sense of empathy is blunted by his hunger for survival. 60. The hyena does not yet attack the orangutan because it is currently focused on the zebra. Chapter 46 61. Orange Juice gets up and lets out a roar to intimidate the hyena so that it won’t eat her like it did the zebra. Chapter 47 62. This is because Pi has more humanly connections with Richard Parker and Orange Juice. Chapter 48 63. The significance is that Richard Parkers original name was supposed to mean Thirsty. Chapter 50 64. This plots two predators which kill the zebra and orangutan. 65. Pi could remember so well because it was such an important in his life. Also, he could be changing the story, especially because the dimensions were most likely not the first thing on his mind. Chapter 53 66. What upsets Pi more than the fact that he is going to die is that his death is oncoming and with time to spare. Pi is even more upset that his happiness and the happiness that might have been his will be gone. The voice in his heard turns Pi’s outlook around. Pi says he discovered oppressed sadness when he started to give up on life. Chapter 56 68. Pi considers â€Å"life’s opponent† is fear. He believes that fear attacks and rots your whole body, therefore weakening you. Chapter 57 69. The benefit is that Richard Parker pushed Pi to stay alive, and helped him to not focus on his lost family and condition. Chapter 58 70. It is important Pi forgets because he needs to focus on survival, and not concentrate on being rescued. Chapter 59 71. Pi considers him lucky because Richard Parker is a stunning, noble creature; he makes for better companionship rather than a silly or ugly animal. 72. No, Pi is not alone (aside from Richard Parker); he is surrounded by a sea of life right underneath him. Chapter 61 73. Pi had trouble killing the flying fish because he was a vegetarian and the thought of killing anything made him uncomfortable. However, for the Dorado he thought himself to be a killer now. It was for Richard Parker and not for him. He had to do it so Richard parker wouldn’t go hungry and resort to eating him. Chapter 63 74. Pi was shipwrecked for 227 days. He said he survived because he made a point of forgetting what has happened and forgetting every notion of time. Chapter 68 75. Pi and Richard Parker are like animals in a zoo. They have their territory and they live with what they have. Chapter 71 76. I believe that the most important guideline is number two. I think this because it is telling the basics of making a comfortable environment to tame a Bengal tiger, and to have some sort of protection. Chapter 72 77. Pi says that Richard Parker didn’t want to kill nor attack him because he gave warning signals using his whistle. He also spared time to see if Pi wanted to make threats before he â€Å"attacked. † Chapter 73 78. Pi’s greatest wish other than salvation was to have a book one that he could read over and over, but be entertained and extract new meanings, thoughts and understandings each time he read. The book would also serve well to pass the time. Chapter 74 79. Pi means that he is still worshipping God; however, he feels that God is letting him down. Chapter 75 80. Pi knew that his mother’s birthday was during his journey and estimated the day and sung Happy Birthday to her. Pi did this because he is very close to his mother. Throughout the story it seems that Pi is mostly upset about losing his mother out of all his family. Chapter 78 81. Pi’s distress it described in this chapter as being caught up in grim opposites. Chapter 80 82. The significance of Richard Parker not fighting Pi for the Dorado is that Richard Parker recognizes Pi as his master. Chapter 81 83. One reason for Pi’s survival was that he supplied Richard Parker with food so that Richard Parker would not attack or kill him due to hunger. Chapter 82 84. Pi is still an intellectual boy; however his intelligence now based on experience rather than on books. Chapter 83 85. According to Pi, when one is faced with continual terror they are replaced with numbness and completely give up. 86. The orange whistle is the only thing that â€Å"remain[s] between [Pi] and death† because Pi lost a lot of items in the storm, and the whistle is the only thing left that will control Richard Parker. Chapter 85 87. Pi praises Allah when he sees lightning. This is because he is happy and excited about it.

Timothy Brown Essays (728 words) - The Organ, Workplace,

Timothy Brown Mr. Hurt Leadership February 2, 2016 Behavioral Approach I was kind of surprised with my results from this survey. It appears that I work towards a better relationship with my subordinates. At first, I thought I was more of a person that's more concern about getting the aspects of the job done. Now that I think about it I do tend to check on my coworkers to see how things are with them. My task oriented score is a very high score of forty-seven, while my relationship score is a forty-nine. With a higher score in the relationship area it shows that I try to make subordinates feel comfortable with themselves, each other, and the group itself. I scored a four with the first question, because I do sometimes tell group members what to do. I don't tell other what to do to be a controlling, but to get everyone caught up with a job given. I always act friendly with members. A friendly work environment can make working any job more comfortable. Occasionally, I set standards of performance for group members. An example of a time where I set a performance standard, is when I informed my coworkers that we need to work at a certain speed to get the task for today done efficiently. Making suggestions about how to overcome an obstacle at work is something I always do. My coworkers and I all put in suggestions on things we can do to get a job done. Also, when my coworkers and I all put in suggestions I respond favorably to everyone's opinion. I often make my perspective on things clear to others. When I explain my suggestions on things to my supervisor or others, I try to give a clear message of what I mean. While working at BestBuy I always treat others fairly. Treating everyone fairly help make everyone feel equal in an organization. I sometimes develop a plan of action for the group I work with. Sometimes I suggestion to my coworkers that we work on the more challenging task first so that in the end were not stressed out. I often behave in a predictable manner toward group members, because people know me as a cool and understanding guy. People say they feel I am more approachable because of the way I treat them. I rate myself at a four when it come to defining role responsibilities for each group member. The reason I scored a four is sometimes I inform a team member how performing the work task help out the whole organization. Working at BestBuy you have to always communicate actively with everyone in your group. Good communication in an organization can help get jobs get done form efficiently. I sometimes clarify my role within the group. I feel like from just working with my coworkers, they know my role w ithin the group. A time when I've showed my concern for the well-being of others is when one of my coworkers was out of work for a while because of a sickness. I would sometimes ask have they heard from the coworker to see how they doing. I always show coworkers how a job is supposing to get done. When we have a new person on the team, I sometimes show them strategies we use to get the job done. Everyone in my work group provide their opinion about how to get a job done better. I sometimes agree more with coworkers plan over my own to do the job. I occasionally provide criteria for what is expected of the group. I feel like everyone on the team should already know what is expected out of their job. While at work I always share my thoughts and feelings with others in my group. Sharing thought help make everyone better understand one another. I actually like encouraging my coworkers to do good work. When everyone in the organization motivates each other productivity will increase. I l ove seeing my company achieving the overall goal. I sometimes help group members get along with each other. I would sometime provide ways the people in my group could try to get along. I feel like in any organization where there

compromise of 1850 essays

compromise of 1850 essays Compromise Measures of 1850 also known as the Compromise of 1850.This act was a series of five legislative enactment's passed by United States Congress. Many territories from the west were now asking for admittance into the United States as an official state. This brought many questions to the table. Today at a meeting many other states followed California as they applied to enter into the union. This will be a problem for the north and south. Before now there were 15 free states and 15 slave states. Another problem was that the runaway slaves were protected. The south grew very angry and wanted something to be done about it there were no laws to catch the runaway slaves. For many of the slave owners they could not remember whom they looked like. So they came up with ID numbers for their wrist. Former leader of the war hawks Henry Clay, now Senator of Kentucky purposed a compromise. Personally this is a good act for the free states and the slave states. His proposal was in o ur favor that California be a free state and that the slave trade be abolished with Washington D.C. It kept a balance between the slave states and also the free states. For the little babies in the South was that New Mexico be divided into two territories. These territories are New Mexico and Utah. That and these two territories would be by popular sovereignty. Which for the southerner were giving the right to choose for their selves whether they wanted to be slave or free. Clay also, proposed that they would be enforcing the strict new fugitive slave law giving that anytime a runaway slave escapes to the north you must help the slave owners. Congress excepted Henry Clay's plan, but had no effect on the question of slavery. The northerner's called the fugitive slave laws "a hateful statue of kidnappers". Our fellow abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book called Uncle Tom's Cabin, betraying the cruelty for slave life in the south. The boo ...

Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber

Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber La greencard es el documento que acredita que una persona es residente permanente legal en los Estados Unidos (LPR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tambià ©n se la conoce como tarjeta de residencia permanente.  Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay  importantes diferencias. Siendo el ms importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento ms comà ºn. Cà ³mo se obtiene la greencard y por quà © puede ser denegada Hay muchos caminos que conducen a la greencard, siendo los ms comunes las peticiones de familia, pero hay muchas otras. A la hora de obtenerla hay que tener en cuenta que los trmites pueden demorarse desde apenas unos meses a ms de 20 aà ±os, por lo que al iniciar el proceso es un dato a tener en cuenta.  La  forma ms rpidas para conseguir la greencard es  por ser cà ³nyuge, hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, padre o madre de un ciudadano americano. Tambià ©n conviene saber que hay ms de 40 razones por las que la greencard puede ser negada al final de la tramitacià ³n porque convierten a una persona en inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Cà ³mo es la greencard La greencard es una tarjeta de tamaà ±o similar a una de crà ©dito o dà ©bito que sirve como prueba de que una persona es residente permanente legal. En otras palabras, que ese extranjero puede vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos. Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay importantes diferencias. Siendo el ms importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento ms comà ºn. Pero,  ¿es verde la greencard? En la actualidad el à ºltimo modelo de greencard sà ­ es verde. Adems, entre 1946 y 1964 tambià ©n lo fue. Y el nombre se conservà ³ durante dà ©cadas, a pesar de haberse ya modificado el modelo de la tarjeta en numerosas ocasiones y de emitirse en colores distintos al verde. Quà © informacià ³n contiene la Greencard Entre la informacià ³n fundamental que ofrece la tarjeta de residencia destacan el nombre de su titular, identificacià ³n de su sexo y fecha de nacimiento. Tambià ©n contiene informacià ³n sobre la categorà ­a por la que se adquirià ³ la green card y la fecha de expiracià ³n, debià ©ndose renovar antes de que alcance esa fecha. Adems, contiene el Alien Registration Number, un dà ­gito fundamental para los residentes permanentes legales. Cules son sus medidas de seguridad Hasta hace apenas 15 aà ±os era relativamente frecuente poder adquirir en la calle tarjetas de residencia falsas pero que se asemejaban bastante a las verdaderas. Desde entonces las cosas han cambiado y las green card emitidas en los à ºltimos aà ±os ya contienen importantes medidas de seguridad que dificultan su falsificacià ³n. El modelo actual, que comenzà ³ a entregarse a partir del 11 de mayo de 2010 es una tarjeta con importantes medidas de seguridad para evitar tanto la falsificacià ³n como la manipulacià ³n de las mismas. Entre las medidas destacan: Tinta en color cambiante en tonos que van desde el verde al oro. Este efecto puede verse, por ejemplo, en la imagen de la cabeza del guila cuando se mueve la tarjeta.Foto hologrfica del titular, tanto en el anverso como en el reverso de la tarjeta.Huellas gravadas mediante tecnologà ­a lser que permiten la identificacià ³n rpida y exacta de la persona cuando se entra por la frontera a Estados Unidos. Es decir, con esta tarjeta se evita que un emigrante utilice la tarjeta de otro para ganar entrada al paà ­s.Personalizacià ³n tctil tambià ©n realizada mediante lser.Tecnologà ­a de identificacià ³n por radio frecuencia que permite a los inspectores de Inmigracià ³n leer desde cierta distancia, sin tener la tarjeta en sus manos, un nà ºmero que est gravado en la tarjeta y conectarlo con toda la informacià ³n digital disponible sobre el titular de dicha tarjeta.Y almacenaje de todos los archivos digitales sobre el titular, incluyendo sus datos biomà ©tricos. Otra informacià ³n interesante que contienen las tarjetas de residencia En la parte posterior de la tarjeta pueden verse microfotos de altà ­sima resolucià ³n de las banderas de los estados y de Presidentes de los Estados Unidos.  ¿Debo solicitar el nuevo modelo de Greencard? Las tarjetas de residencia con menos de diez aà ±os son perfectamente vlidas aunque sean de un modelo anterior al actual y, por lo tanto, no hay obligacià ³n de reemplazarlas hasta que llegue su fecha de expiracià ³n. Obligacià ³n de cargar la green card y otros deberes Existe una obligacià ³n legal que aplica a todos los residentes permanentes legales mayores de 18 aà ±os: deben llevar consigo en todo momento su green card. El gobierno federal puede imponer multas de hasta $100 y/o pena de crcel por un mximo de 30 dà ­as a las personas que no cumplan con esta obligacià ³n. Esto tambià ©n afecta a la  tarjeta de residencia que est sellada en el pasaporte  de su titular y que es totalmente vlida y sirve tambià ©n para viajar internacionalmente. Asimismo, los residentes permanentes deben notificar al USCIS sus  cambios de domicilio  en los diez dà ­as siguientes a que se produzca la mudanza. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este  test  para verificar conocimientos bsicos sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Final Exam Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Final Exam Questions - Essay Example Today, many of us rely on these social networks to keep in touch with other people especially friends and relatives. More so, these social network sites enable individuals to access or share information, meet new friends and carry out business transactions through video conferencing. The emergence of virtual communities has helped some people to meet friends that they cannot interact with in real life may be because of their physical appearance. Even though the internet and social networking sites have changed and made our interactions easier and faster, there are many negative effects that these social networks have on online individuals and the society. There have been increased cases on crimes such as identity theft, hacking, stalking, piracy among others and these mostly affect those who are doing business online or interacting online. In addition, persistent use of social networks may cause addiction in that online users develop the attitude of not spending a day without tweetin g, sending mails, or facebooking. Most of us rely more on technology but less on others to form virtual relationships than real relationships (Turkle). With the easy access to the online technology and interfaces such as the internet, online dating has become a popular option for many people and it has revolutionized the dating pattern today. Many people who met through online dating have established a strong friendship bonds and these dating sites assist some people to find love and happy relationships. The lives of many individuals have been transformed through online encounters (Kenner). There are many advantages of online dating, firstly, it enables individuals to know and interact with different people across the globe and share their common interests. Secondly, online dating helps those individuals who are nervous in the presence of the opposite sex to easily interact with others

Food, The Transmitter of a Cook's Emotions Research Paper - 1

Food, The Transmitter of a Cook's Emotions - Research Paper Example The cook who prepares our food understands this linkage between food and emotion. In addition to the cook’s personal passion for the job, the cook also have a deep understanding that particular foods can make us feel in certain ways; that we will always connect a certain sense of our well being with food (Anon, 2004). This explains why cooks are exerting tremendous effort when they prepare our food. They knew that foods do not only feeds and nourishes the body but also makes us â€Å"feel† in certain ways. Cooks can be considered as â€Å"food artists†. In the same way that a painter can convey emotions with his or her masterpieces, cooks can also transmit his or her emotion through food. In fact, cooks can even transmit a stronger emotion to the consumers than what a visual artist does because the experience in partaking food prepared by the cook is more personal and satisfying compared to an artist who only makes emotional impression with its audience. Ways a cook can transmit emotions through food As stated earlier, food stimulates a â€Å"web of association within us. Foods appeals to our senses and arouses certain emotions that link us to certain people, times, and other places (McDonald, 2007) and being such, is able to transmit emotions to us.

Coke vs Pepsi Essay Example for Free

Coke vs Pepsi Essay Pepsi has historically targeted a young audience especially since the 1980s .Many of their ads were usually aimed at teenagers and even younger groups by introducing fun, sports and music in their ads and this still hasnt changed in 2014.Pepsi has consistently found new ways to adapt to each generation and found great success through it. But most of the credit comes from their segmentation methods. Pepsi has a Behavioral segmentation that contains customers usage. They range customers usage from light to occasional drinkers. They also look at customers purchase behaviors trying label them as instinctive or planned buyers. A good example of a planned buyer and a purchase occasional buyer would be somebody having a get together or a party where the customer chooses to buy Pepsi products to quench their thirst after a exciting fun time. Pepsi also has a Psychological segmentation that focus on a lifestyle and personality. Pepsi has created a motto for themselves called Live Now, but they say that its not just a motto but a mindset. So you already know that they had to have a segment of people that share their same belief. These customers are usually fun sophisticated people or cool teenagers. Pepsis final segmentation is Geo-demographic which mostly focuses on the urban areas around the world .which make a lot of sense because most people believe that the cities is where the most fun and big event occur at. As well as finding this particular demographic ages 18- 25 ,which are considered to be young cool sophisticated people that just want to live now. Coca Cola Company is the worlds largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands.But for some reason Coca Cola doesn’t have a specific target segment but adapt its marketing strategy by developing new products, which really means their segmentation are really broad. Generally, Coke does not have a specific target because they are really trying to addressed everyone. Coca Cola also doesn’t try to target a lifestyles, but they are seeing more and more busy lifestyle and mobile generation that are considered to be the most important part of Coke’s consumers. Coca cola also doesn’t care about a customers occupation but found out that mainly students and family oriented people buy Coca Cola products. Coca Cola also sees that their main consumers are 12-30 years old people and even though there is no specific product or communication for less than 12 or more than 30, the brand succeed in reaching them, through partnerships from six flags,restaurants, fast foods such as McDonald’s or Loyalty from customers. Finally, Coca Cola consider each customer as a target and a potential consumer. All age groups are being targeted but the most potential is the age group from 18-25 that covers a good amount of the age segments. How do their segmentation strategies differ? Their segmentation strategies differ in a big way because Pepsi used the segmentation method to target their customers ,but Coca Cola didn’t really structure a segmentation method to target their customers with .They mostly used the positioning method to grow their company. Pepsi focus on customers that wanted to live now ,a more exciting life. While Coca Cola just wanted everybody to enjoy a Coca Cola product, living your life even if its boring or exciting they didnt care, as long as you had a coke in your hand.

Becoming a Single Mother Changed My Life Essay -- How Motherhood Has C

Becoming a Single Mother Changed My Life (For the Better!) Everyone remembers a specific incident that has profoundly affected his or her life. I remember my special memory as if it happened yesterday; and that memory will always be as detailed. My life-altering occurrence happened when I was fresh out of high school. As an 18-year-old, I was known as out-going and friendly, as well as a bit ditsy. I drank Mountain Dew religiously and smoked cigarettes with the same feverish devotion. I also smoked pot recreationally and drank alcohol less regularly. I was a bit immature. All I cared about was feeling good and having fun. My boyfriend Randy and I were inseparable. We did everything together and we loved each other intensely. We had been dating for a year and a half; nothing else mattered to us except each other. Then, in July, everything changed. At the end of that month, Randy and I went to the drug store and bought a pregnancy test. We traveled to a friend's house and hid in the hot, stuffy bathroom to await the outcome. Randy and I sat on the hard, scummy bathroom floor holding each other while the test sat on the edge of the sink, developing an answer. Averting our eyes, we dared not look until the required two minutes were up. We both stood up and peeked at the result. It read "positive." I immediately began to cry. Randy saw my despair and clutched me close, smiling with pride. His unexpected favorable reaction put me at ease. Knowing that he was proud of having a baby made me delighted to bear his child. I knew I had received a precious gift from Randy and from God. Knowing the importance of the baby's life and health, I quickly quit smoking cold turkey and cut caffeine out of my diet; both of which were ... ...y to buckle down to the responsibilities. The job was left to me. Unlike Randy, who made preparing for fatherhood a loathsome chore, I made motherhood important and enjoyable. Preparing for it in that fashion made my transition in life less strenuous. It's still not easy, knowing that the most valuable person in my life has unpredictably rejected his child and me. I just have to remember that Randy did it because he was unwilling to stray from his easy life, and not because I was doing something wrong to him. Conquering everything all by my lonesome, I'm now successfully raising a baby, going to school full-time at State University, and working part-time. I'm a confident mother and have a new sense of self-worth. I have a son to live for now, so I still take care of my health, even though I'm not carrying a child. I owe it all to a little peek at a pregnancy test.

The Administrative Agencies in the United States and their Implications

Administrative agencies are apart from the other branches of the government, the executive, judicial and the legislative, but are able to exercise the functions of the three. These agencies are authorized and supported by the legislative orders, and are capable of implementing and creating regulations, enforcing and adjudicating. They say that courts do not possess these capabilities.The continuous prevalence of this kind of system has increased the popularity of administrative laws in the Supreme Court. It came to the point that almost 1/3 of the decisions to be made by the court is about the administrative actions.Take note that administrative agencies function on the most sensitive areas of the society, and thus were called the fourth branch of the government. The agencies have a comparable scope of authority and perimeter to the three above-mentioned branches, and thus their impact is very much anticipated (Barry and Whitcomb, 2005, p. 25).One of the disadvantages with this kind of system is that the administrative office takes itself apart from the people under their functions. Because of this, the decisions they make are lacking in sympathetic flavor and thus are prone to the erosion of public interest.The executive part may decide on the basis of a single person, and because of this there might be narrowness in the judgment of that person, which makes the decision not applicable to many, thus is susceptible to initiating conflict (Zwart and Verhey, 2003, p. 58).The United States has become an increasingly administrative form. In line with this, implications were identified and patterned before the American character (democracy, justice, quality of life). Aside from the implication mentioned above, there are other troubling implications which are even historical but still this kid of system has prevailed.The democratic options made this kind of order, and still are renewable as dictated upon by the many. To stick with this kind of thinking, the decision m akers in the administrative office must be free from interpersonal influences, and be strong-willed also in order to come up with the necessary actions.When the customary administration has come into abuse or distortion, this is a possible threat to the American governance (Salyer,1995, p 246). Interest groups are everywhere, and they may greatly influence the administrative actions (policy implementation) and even the legislation (policy adoption), or take control of them.It is of high tendency that government policies may be formulated in the absence of law, and the law be just allowed to be made by this fourth branch (Williams and Torrens, 2001, p, 357).ReferencesBarry, D. D., & Whitcomb, H. R. (2005). The Legal Foundations of Public Administration. Retrieved July 8, 2009, from http://books.google.com/books?id=MQkiiTv5yg4CSalyer, L. E. (1995). Laws Harsh as Tigers: Chinese Immigrants and the Shaping of Modern Immigration Law. Retrieved July 9, 2008, from http://books.google.com/b ooks?id=2WWkzfYnsrMCWilliams, S. J., & Torrens, P. R. (2001). Introduction to Health Services. Retrieved July 8, 2008, from http://books.google.com/books?id=95q7ZvXPd8wCZwart, T. L., & Verhey, F. M. (2003). Agencies in European and comparative perspective. Retrieved July 9, 2008, from http://books.google.com/books?id=KWaAh5jMiB0C

The Problem with the American Health Care System

The American health care system is under duress. Some people praise the US medical system because of the availability of state-of -the-art treatments while some criticize because of the many loopholes of the system and problems with insurance. Because of loopholes in the insurance system and the high price of getting medical treatment in the country, many ordinary American folk do not get basic health while only the high-income earners can handle high medical costs.Despite of the existence of government health insurance, American citizens still feel the need to buy insurance from public firms since the government insurance system does not cover much of the medical needs of the people. Before analyzing the American health care system, it is first important to have a clear view of the system and the problems with it. The American health care system is made up of both public and private insurers but the unique part of this system is that the private sector remains dominant over the publ ic sector.Statistics indicate that 62 percent of non-elderly Americans receive insurance receive from their employers in the private sector while 5 percent purchased their own insurance from private insurance companies. A small 15 percent rely on government insurance systems such as Medicare and Medicaid. Those who do not have any form of insurance account for 15 percent of the total. Public Health Insurance is mainly provided by Medicare and Medicaid (Chua, 2006). Medicare covers people at age 65 and above including some disabled people.It is a government single-payer program which is funded by tax collections, a payroll tax and paid premiums. It is funded together by the federal and state government. Medicare covers hospital services, physician services, and medical drug benefits but over the years, weaknesses have been spotted in this insurance system such as it includes an incomplete coverage for nursing facilities as well as an insufficient preventive care coverage. It also doe s not provide for dental, hearing and vision health care.Because of the lack of services, the elderly folk that avail of Medicare are forced to get insurance plans from private companies, and thus, many of the old folk spend 22 percent of their income for providing their personal health care needs not covered by government health insurance (Chua, 2006). Medicaid on the other hand is an insurance program specifically provided for the disabled and for low income earners. It is stated under federal law that states must provide medical care to the very poor pregnant women, children, elderly, disabled, and parents.Adults that have no children receive no coverage from Medicaid as well as poor people that have a higher income that make them unqualified for Medicaid benefits but states have the freedom to alter eligibility levels. Just like Medicare, Medicaid receives funding from taxes. Medicaid has many good benefits but many of those who have availed of this insurance program find it dif ficult to look for health care providers that accept Medicaid because of a rather low reimbursement rate (Chua, 2006).According to the data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the US spends the highest on health care among the member countries in the OECD. In 2003, US health care costs accounted for 15 percent of the country's GDP while the average for all OECD countries only figured at 8. 6 percent. Among all OECD countries, the US also incurs the most spending on health care per capita with $5,635 which is more than double the OECD average of $2,307. From 1999 to 2003, per capita spending on health care increases by an average of 4.6 percent every year which is at par with the OECD average of 4. 5 percent per year. In most countries from the OECD, health care funding is usually provided by the government except for the US, Mexico, and Korea in which the private sector dominate the health care industry. Only 44 percent of health care spending is provided by the government in the US setting while the average government funding for health care in the OECD is at 72 percent. The US also has the highest health spending from private institutions at 37 percent.The US also lags behind on physician per population averages, nurse per population averages and hospital beds per population averages (Chua, 2006). These comparative data shows that the US has indeed been putting much budget into health but despite of this, the US has been performing poorly in providing the health care needs of its people. This may be traced from higher costs of health care since private institutions are more focused on profit. As of 2004, government pending on health care rose to 16 percent, in comparison, this is more of what is being spent on food.The rising costs of medical treatment stems from new medical technology. This results in a division of the population that may be referred to as â€Å"insiders† and â€Å"outsiders†. Insiders are t hose that have good insurance while outsiders are those that have little or no insurance. The insiders receive the best medical treatment regardless of the cost while the outsiders receive very little treatment that they should have been accorded. To quantify, one study indicated that those people with no insurance have a 70 percent more likelihood to die from colorectal cancer within a time span of three years (Krugman and Wells, 2006).The only way advanced medical technology can be provided to all people and not only to the financially capable is through health insurance but it would be difficult for private insurance companies to provide such a need because of the problem of adverse selection. Hence, healthy people would have to pay less premiums for insurance since they are not likely to accumulate large medical spending while those unhealthy people that are expected to accumulate large spending on medical treatment and hospital bills will have to pay higher premiums (Krugman an d Wells, 2006).The insurance company would quickly find that because its clientele was tilted toward those with high medical costs, its actual costs per customer were much higher than those of the average member of the population. So it would have to raise premiums to cover those higher costs. However, this would disproportionately drive off its healthier customers, leaving it with an even less healthy customer base, requiring a further rise in premiums, and so on. Krugman and Wells, 2006Insurance companies have learned how to deal with this problem using risk assessment with the aid of a careful screening process. This results in rejecting or charging more premiums for applicants that are more likely to incur higher treatment costs. This practice bars many of those who are greatly in need of insurance from getting one. If ever a person is allowed to get an insurance despite of the conditions, the premiums would be very high (Krugman and Wells, 2006). Insurance is important for heal th care since it will affect the health of people.With the presence of insurance, the people will have a better grasp of preventive care. A study by The Urban Institute indicated that about 50 percent of children that did not have any health insurance did not have a medical checkup in 2003, whereas only 26 percent of insured children did not have a checkup (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). This shows that people are most likely to pursue early medical treatment in the presence of an insurance policy. People who are uninsured also pay before receiving any medical treatment except during emergencies.If they are unable to pay, they will be denied medical treatment. In the presence of insurance, a person will not be denied medical treatment because the insurance will readily pay for it (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). Instead of eliminating expenses, lack of insurance policies only results in more spending for the government since the governments pays for the health e xpenses of those people who are unable to pay for the medical treatment they received in the absence of a health insurance.Also, data indicates that hospital accumulate $34 billion of unpaid health care every year while $37 billion is paid by private and public payers for the uninsured while $26 is paid from out-of-pocket for the people who did not avail of any insurance policy for some reason (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). The number of uninsured people is steadily increasing due to the complexities involved in getting insurance but the highest driving factor is the high premiums. Job instability and other changes such divorce, retirement, self-employment, etc.are also reasons why people do not avail of insurance (National Coalition on Health Care, 2008). Addressing health care is very important for any country especially for a developed nation that has a high population like the US. The presidential candidates both have proposed health care policies as a part of their agenda. These policies may be viewed from their websites and they both put addressing insurance problems the top health care issues as well reducing the cost of basic health services.The reason why health care is too costly in the US may partly be because doctors are more highly paid but a better reason would be because much of health care payments are done by private insurance institutions. This results in more expenses since people pay more premiums just to get the better benefits of a private insurance system and since these private institutions are business entities, premiums are higher for higher risks of expensive medical treatment. For the government, profit would never be an issue.What the two presidential candidates, Barrack Obama and Hillary Clinton are proposing just might work. They are proposing a new health care insurance system that promises affordable premiums and good benefits under the government. If implemented properly and with scrutiny, these plans might be a wa y to uplift the country's health care system since it promises more coverage while providing friendlier premiums. Shifting from government insurance that provides good benefits would be the ultimate answer to the rising costs of medical treatment.It is notable more and more people are getting medical aid from Medicare or Medicaid but this does not stop people from getting another health insurance at a private institution since government funded insurance does not provide all the medical needs of the people. The government should provide insurance policies that are will provide for most or all of the medical needs of the people at friendly-priced premiums. This way, the health care system will improve. References Chua, Kao-Ping. 10 February 2006. Overview of the U. S. Health Care System. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. amsa.org/uhc/HealthCareSystemOverview. pdf Krugman, Paul & Wells, Robin. 23 March 2006. The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It. The New York Review of Books, 53,5. Retrieved may 26, 2008, from http://www. nybooks. com/articles/18802 National Coalition on Health Care. 2008. Health Insurance Coverage. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. nchc. org/facts/coverage. shtml Plan for a Healthy America. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. barackobama. com/issues/healthcare/ American Health Choices Plan. Retrieved May 26, 2008, from http://www. hillary clinton. com/feature/healthcareplan/summary. aspx

Desert Pavement Theories

Desert Pavement Theories When you decide to visit the desert, you usually have to go off the pavement, onto a dirt road. Sooner or later you arrive in the brightness and space that you came for. And if you turn your eyes from the distant landmarks around you, you may see another kind of pavement at your feet, called desert pavement. A Street of Varnished Stones Its not at all like the drifting sand that people often picture when they think of the desert. Desert pavement is a stony surface without sand or vegetation that covers large parts of the worlds drylands. Its not photogenic, like the twisted shapes of hoodoos or the eerie forms of dunes, but seeing its presence on a wide desert vista, dark with age, gives a hint of the delicate balance of slow, gentle forces that create desert pavement. It is a sign that the land has been undisturbed, perhaps for thousands- hundreds of thousands of years. What makes desert pavement dark is rock varnish, a peculiar coating built up over many decades by windblown clay particles and the tough bacteria that live on them. Varnish has been found on fuel cans left in the Sahara during World War II, so we know that it can form fairly fast, geologically speaking. What Creates Desert Pavement What makes desert pavement stony is not always so clear. There are three traditional explanations for bringing stones to the surface, plus a much newer one claiming that the stones started out at the surface. The first theory is that the pavement is a lag deposit, made of rocks left behind after the wind blew away all the fine-grained material. (Wind-blown erosion is called deflation.) This is clearly so in many places, but in many other places, a thin crust created by minerals or soil organisms binds the surface together. That would prevent deflation. The second explanation relies on moving water, during the occasional rains, to winnow out the fine material. Once the finest material is splashed loose by raindrops, a thin layer of rainwater, or sheet flow, sweeps it away efficiently. Both wind and water could work on the same surface at different times. The third theory is that processes in the soil move stones to the top. Repeated cycles of wetting and drying have been shown to do that. Two other soil processes involve the formation of ice crystals in the soil (frost heave) and salt crystals (salt heave) in places with the right temperature or chemistry. In most deserts, these three mechanisms- deflation, sheet flow, and heave- can work together in various combinations to explain desert pavements. But where there are exceptions, we have a new, fourth mechanism. The Born at the Surface Theory The newest theory of pavement formation comes from careful studies of places like Cima Dome, in the Mojave Desert of California, by Stephen Wells and his coworkers. Cima Dome is a place where lava flows of recent age, geologically speaking, are partly covered by younger soil layers that have desert pavement on top of them, made of rubble from the same lava. The soil has been built up, not blown away, and yet it still has stones on top. In fact, there are no stones in the soil, not even gravel. There are ways to tell how many years stone has been exposed on the ground. Wells used a method based on cosmogenic helium-3, which forms by cosmic ray bombardment at the ground surface. Helium-3 is retained inside grains of olivine and pyroxene in the lava flows, building up with exposure time. The helium-3 dates show that the lava stones in the desert pavement at Cima Dome have all been at the surface the same amount of time as the solid lava flows right next to them. Its inescapable that in some places, as he put it in a July 1995 article in Geology, stone pavements are born at the surface. While the stones remain on the surface due to heave, deposition of windblown dust must build up the soil beneath that pavement. For the geologist, this discovery means that some desert pavements preserve a long history of dust deposition beneath them. The dust is a record of ancient climate, just as it is on the deep sea floor and in the worlds ice caps. To those well-read volumes of Earth history, we may be able to add a new geologic book whose pages are desert dust.

3 More Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation

3 More Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation 3 More Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation 3 More Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation By Mark Nichol In each sentence below, the presence of one punctuation mark- or, in the case of the first example, a team of two complementary marks- introduces a flaw in the syntactical structure of the statement. Discussion and revision of the problematic sentences follow each example. 1. He would replace conservative, Justice Antonin Scalia, who died last month, leaving behind a bitter election-year fight over the future of the court. Because the phrase â€Å"Justice Antonin Scalia† is essential to this sentence- the statement would not be grammatically valid if it were omitted- it cannot be treated as a parenthetical. Here, conservative is simply a description of the person named. But also, because conservative and justice can combine to describe the person, the latter word joins the former one as a generic descriptor and should no longer be treated as a job title: â€Å"He would replace conservative justice Antonin Scalia, who died last month, leaving behind a bitter election-year fight over the future of the court.† (This rule applies to any similar shift in function, as in â€Å"former president George W. Bush† as compared to â€Å"President George W. Bush.†) 2. In the book, Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, the authors assert that a company sustains itself by setting audacious goals that require the commitment of its personnel to work outside their comfort zone. Unless the book has been previously referred to, this sentence treats the title as if it refers to the one existing book. Again, without the parenthetical information, the statement is flawed because, in this case, it does not identify the book in question: â€Å"In the book Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, the authors assert that a company sustains itself by setting audacious goals that require the commitment of its personnel to work outside their comfort zone.† 3. These factors pertain to such drivers as: the enterprise’s capabilities; competitor capabilities, behaviors and actions; and customer preferences and bargaining power. The colon interrupts the syntactical flow of this sentence: â€Å"These factors pertain to such drivers as the enterprise’s capabilities; competitor capabilities, behaviors and actions; and customer preferences and bargaining power.† (It would be correct if the sentence began â€Å"These factors pertain to such drivers as the following.† In this case, the colon, placed after following, would properly punctuate a complete statement that sets up what follows the colon.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†"Latter," not "Ladder"Wood vs. Wooden

Alternative cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative cinema - Essay Example The film Stranger Than Paradise can be subdivided into three parts namely; present or ‘new world’, ‘a year later’ and ‘paradise.’ The film is a depiction of America through a foreign perspective see image 1. Willie the main character in the film speaks in English while responding to Aunt Lotte, who speaks in Hungarian (Andrew, 1999). He persuades Lotte to speak in English an indication that foreigners are not yet ready to give up their identity. Each part of the film can be said to reflect the stages that a foreigner undergoes in America. The film is shot in black and white backgrounds making the film unique since it seems to break away from the normal rule in filming see image 2. Each scene of the film is one take and after every take the screen cuts to black for a moment prior to the commencement of another take. The ‘takes are static shots, and other follows the characters. Each ‘take’ exhibits repeated emotionless sensatio n. The film can clearly bring out the emotions of the character. The film devises a new way whereby real lives and emotions of the characters are observed without confusing the audience. The ambient sounds in the scenes that persist even after the cuts to black and the beginning of ‘takes with silence do not deter the in bringing out the emotions of the characters. In the film Stranger Than Paradise, the effect of simplification is applied in the formal way the story is narrated as opposed to applying the idea to physical objects (Blume & Forster, 2006). The scenes are presented in a simple manner but chronological presentation and frequently independent from each other. The presentation involves the selected moments eliminating the bigger part of the theatrical action. The acting part of the film is very critical. In this order, every shot becomes a masterpiece. Selection or elimination through cutting cannot improve the performance. If a mistake

The Demise of the Nuclear Family Unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Demise of the Nuclear Family Unit - Essay Example The Office of National Statistics in United Kingdom presented that in 2010 there is an increase of divorce rates by 5.7 percent or 11.1 divorcing people per thousand married population (Office of National Statistics, par. 1) against the 262,000 decline in the number of married or civil partner couples (Office of National Statistics, par. 8). It was also presented that there was 2.9 million of opposite sex cohabiting couples in 2011. These numbers directly correlates to nearly two million lone parents with dependent children in United Kingdom (Office of National Statistics, par. 5). This increase in divorce rates of 2012 was said to be linked with the economic recession of 2008-2009 (Office of National Statistics, par. 5) as the same trend happened in 1993 statistics following the economic downfall of 1990-1992. A study by Vaitilingam explicates that unemployment and decline in the price value of family house in house market during recession directly hits the stability of couples resu lting to separation of cohabiting couples or divorce of married ones (Vaitilingam 24). Through all these changes and separation, the children are the most affected. Studies reflected strong discrepancy among the socialization and social competence of children from lone-parent families and two-parent families. This findings lie on several factors as noted by the Hastings, et al. (6): First is the absence of a partner or co-parent in times of occurrence of stressful events and difficult situation including financial issues where lone parents may be caught vulnerable in such incidence therefore permitting sloppy parenting that a child may suffer; second is an average low income of lone parents compared to two-parent families resulting to inadequate financial resources needed to meet the material needs of a child; and lastly is having less social support from other adults which can act as support system for both the parent and the child especially in stressful events of life. This impli es that children from lone-parent family has a great disadvantage on physical, mental, and social development this prompting the need for promotion of marriage and two-parent family structures (Bramlett, par.24). In United States, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act or PRWORA was passed in 1996 as major federal reform legislation aimed to improve the welfare of the families. Its goals are to put an â€Å"end to dependence of needy parents upon government benefits by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage†; to â€Å"aid needy families so that children may be cared for in their homes or those of relatives†; to â€Å"prevent and reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies and establish goals for preventing and reducing their incidence†; and finally to â€Å"encourage formation and maintenance of two-parent families† (Schoeni 2). This reform generally address to the issue previously discussed and focused to alleviate poverty and s ocial dilemma brought by lone-parenting and divorce. Encouraging the formation and maintenance of two-parent families may be viewed as a challenging account yet its end consequence will positively affect the lives of the children which soon become the leaders in society and parents in the near future. Childhood is a crucial point in a person’s life where personality, morality, and beliefs are developed. A positive personality therefore will result in parallel to one’s positive growing environment and the same thing happens otherwise. Children from two-parent famili

Architecture - Project Management - Exam Research Paper - 2

Architecture - Project Management - Exam - Research Paper Example Extra materials, damages which have been done, problems with labour and employment and other values can be estimated but the true value isn’t known until the project takes place. - Project Initiation: This consists of setting the vision and definition for a project. The end goal and achievements are set, such as financial changes, expectations and growth within the company. This stage includes both the inception and the feasibility. - Project Planning: This includes goals of how the visions will be used to achieve the end results with detailed planning. Resources that are needed and planning of various stages, milestones and other concepts are used at the planning phase. This includes strategy and pre – construction. - Project Execution: The goals and milestones are presented to employees and workers to build the project and to work through specific steps. The detailed planning is put into action, monitored and controlled so the project can be completed. - Project Closure: If the project didn’t work, it is evaluated for future prospects. If it is closed and completed successfully, then evaluations of what worked and what didn’t are stated. At this point, those working on the project can look at potential and future opportunities as well as growth through the project which has taken place. - Project managers can use the life cycle to monitor and assist employees at each stage. The most important phases for a manager are inclusive of the planning and execution, where goals can be communicated to the employees and monitoring of how the goals are reached can be looked at. This allows the managers to evaluate the end product while looking at future options. Group Collaboration: Organization of the employees and labour options for those working on the project. Vision of what needs to be done, daily maintenance assistance and overviews for organized collaboration. - Collaborative Programming and Scheduling: Engages main

Buying My First Car Essay Example for Free

Buying My First Car Essay A Bit of Memoir We rounded the corner and there it was, the stout, perfect looking black Jeep Cherokee that my dad and I had just driven and hour to look at. It looked like every other one that I had seen in pictures, but there was the feeling that this one could possibly be mine. The week before, I had been furiously searching Craigslist and Jeep Forum classifieds looking for a Jeep, particularly a Cherokee with low miles, little to no rust, and the right price, between the years 1997 and 1999. With the tight guidelines that I had for the car, it made it hard to find one. However, acquiring a Cherokee was only the first part; I had many plans once I had one of my own, plans to lift it and put some big mud tires on it, along with some other jeep essentials. My friend had his lifted Cherokee for a few months, and I had wanted one just like it for quite a while. After calling up multiple private sellers and used car dealerships, I had found one not far from me. A used car dealership had three Cherokees, all with low miles, and relatively fair prices. My dad and I decided to go check them out, with the hopes of being able to talk the salesman down a few hundred dollars. After driving a half hour or so, we arrive at the dealership, and there, parked in the front three spots were the jeeps. We made our way over and I was instantly checking them all out, making sure that I kept my cool. The salesman comes out, a big guy who looks like he could be on steroids, and he and my dad started talking. Instantly, like any used car salesman, he goes right into telling us about how awesome these Jeeps are, that they’re in perfect condition. We had narrowed down the three jeeps to one, and naturally we wanted to take it to a local mechanic. Most people would have no problem with this, but this guy did. After he refused to let us take it to our mechanic, we were turned off. In addition, he had given us a price on the phone, and then he told us a higher price when we were there talk ing face to face. At that point we were out of there. I was truly upset; I had mgotten my hopes up that I would be driving one of those Jeeps home. My dad told me not to be upset, and that we would find another one that same day. Still at the dealership, we were still sitting in our parked car; both of us on our iPhones looking up classifieds near our area. I find one that looks good, and it’s only a ferry ride away. This one was from a private seller and she had just listed it up that morning, so my dad called her up immediately. We told her we could come to see it that day, and she agreed. We raced to catch the next ferry, which we barely made. Driving off the ferry ramp, we headed to the address the lady gave us. We ended up in a somewhat rough neighborhood, but we decided we came too far to turn around because of some Mexicans with baggy shorts down to their ankles and flat brim hats. We finally got there, and there it is, sitting on the side of the road outside a small conventional house. The lady walked out her front door, and I was already looking under the jeep and checking it out. Everything is checking out, the miles were low, there were very little signs of rust, and I was getting excited. Eventually I was behind the wheel and out for a test drive. The engine ran a little rough, but it was nothing I couldn’t fix on my own. So my dad and I are sitting in the car on the other side of the block, and he asks me if I want it. I, of course, said yes, and we went back and worked a price out. Even though the lady only came down from her price a mere 50 dollars, we still ended up making the deal. Finally, my own car, and the exact one I wanted. I drove it all the way home with no plates, riding on the hopes that the police weren’t out that night. It was exciting to finally be driving the car that I would call mine. I was already imagining the I remember parking it on the ferry and looking at it from the upper deck of the parking garage. I got it home and everyone came out the front door of my house as I pulled down the driveway. It seemed as if my family was more excited about it then I was, which puzzled me. I felt proud of myself for finding the Jeep and being able to bring it home the exact same day. All the weeks of searching for a car had amounted to this one day, where it all happened in a matter of hours.

play :: essays research papers

Characters: Jessica Berman-(Main Character) Recently started smoking pot and kind of paranoid. Smart girl, 17 year old senior in high school, as far as her parents can tell she is a good girl, she has never gotten into trouble in her entire life. Marissa Kramer- an aged veteran in the pot scene. She is outgoing, wild and carefree. 20 years old, a sophomore in college and her parents are well aware, but not approving of all of her bad habits. Mary Flood- Police officer, Obviously the one in charge, training her new partner what to do. Brian Luckman- The actual arresting officer. New to the job, not quite confident in himself; on the quieter side. Andrew Berman-Jessica’s father. Pretty strict but does not often yell Jonathan Kramer- Marissa’s father, a bit mean spirited, likes to joke a lot, but has a bad temper. Scene 1: Characters-Jessica, Marissa and Mary Setting- Glencoe Police Station, The two girls have been arrested for possession of marijuana Mary: Ok girls.... (All three girls giggle) Mary: I’m going to take care of a few things, I’ll be right back. Mary gathers the papers in her hands and leaves the room Marissa: She is so nice! Jessica: I know, I wonder if maybe she’ll just let me stay here for a night Marissa: I’m sure it could be arranged, do you mind if I ask why though? Jessica: I just am thinking it would have to be the safest place for me once my parents find out.. It can’t be so bad, free food, a place to sleep. The clothing isn’t that great, but I’m sure eventually I would adjust. Marissa: Yeah, that’s a good plan, I’m sure a little north shore girl like you could last 10 minutes in prison. Jessica: Hey, I could too. How hard could it really be? Marissa: Haven’t you ever seen Oz? Jessica rolls her eyes at Marissa Marissa: What! I was kidding! Jessica: This is really neither the time nor the place. Marissa: Sorry... (mumbles) just trying to ease the tension Mary walks back into the room with a phone in her hand Mary: Here Jessica, you want to try your parents again? Mary hands Jessica the phone Jessica: Thanks. Everyone pauses a second as we wait for Jessica’s parents to answer the phone, however, she cannot get a hold of them Jessica: No one’s home Mary: Do they have a cell phone you could try them on? Jessica: Yeah, one sec. Everyone pauses again as Jessica once again tried to contact her parents.

International Business Essay

Review Questions 2.- Why is it important for you to study international business? * Almost any large organization you work for will have international operations or be affected by the global economy. * You start your own business, you may find yourself using foreign-made materials or equipment, competing with foreign, and perhaps even selling in foreign markets. * Keep pace with your future competitors. 5.- What is portfolio investment? * Foreign portfolio investments (FPI) are purchases of foreign financial assets (stocks, bonds, and certificates of deposit) for a purpose other than control. An example of portfolio investment is the purchase of 1,000 shares of Sony’s common stock by a Danish pension fund. 6.- What are the basic reasons for the recent growth of international business activity? * There are two broad reasons: strategic imperatives, which motivate globalization, and environmental changes, which facilitate it. Questions for Discussion 5.- What are some of the differences in skills that may exist between managers in a domestic firm and those in an international firm? Domestic firm; * Local workers. * Legal system. * Local supply. International firm; * Languages. * Currency * Cultures and new markets. CHAPTER # 02 Review Questions 2.- How do differences in income levels and income distribution among countries affect international business? The most important piece of information needed by international business people about a country is its income level because it provides clues to the purchasing power of residents. One important source of income statistics is the World Bank, which divides the world’s countries into high-income, middle-income, low-income categories. 4.- What is keiretsu? * Japanese industry is controlled by large families of interrelated companies, that is typically centered on a major Japanese bank. The bank takes primary responsibility for meeting the keiretsu’s financing needs. Members are also protected from hostile takeovers by an elaborate system of cross-ownership of shares in which keiretsu members own shares in one another’s companies. 8.- How did import substitution policies affect the economies of Brazil and Argentina? * The companies must pay higher prices for domestically produced inputs than do their foreign competitors. The government must subsidize these firms and often nationalize them to preserve urban jobs. The high costs of doing this are passed on to taxpayers and to consumers through higher prices, but over time the government runs a budget deficit. The result is inflation and destruction of middle-class savings. The continent is still plagued, however, by an inability to create policies that bridge the chasm between the rich and the poor. The lack of economic and social mobility has trapped generation of South Americans in poverty and despairs and created political instability in many of their countries. Questions for Discussion 3.- Ethnic ties, old colonial alliances, and shared languages appear to affect international trade. Why might this be so? If true, how does this affect international business’ strategies regarding which markets to enter? * It’s easier to do business with people who have same culture, religion, language, and is better for companies to get into these markets first. CHAPTER # 03 Review Questions 1.- Describe the four different types of legal systems with which international business must deal. * Common law: is based on the cumulative wisdom of judges’ decisions on individual cases through history. These cases create legal precedents, which other judges use to decide similar cases. * Civil Law: is based on a codification, or detailed listing, of what is and is not permissible. * Religious Law: is based on the officially established rules governing the faith and practice of a particular religion. * Bureaucratic Law: the legal system is communist and in dictatorships is often described as bureaucratic law. 9.- What is the impact of differing accounting standards on the international capital market? * Comparing the financial reports of firms from different countries is exceedingly complex, making it more difficult for international investors to assess the performance of the world’s business. 10.-What is political risk? What forms can it take? * Political risks are many changes in the political environment that many adversely affect the value of a firm’s business activities. * Forms: * Ownership risk, in which the property of a firm is threatened through confiscation or expropriation. * Operating risk, in which the ongoing operations of a firm and/or the safety of its employees are threatened through changes in laws, environmental standards, tax codes, terrorism, armed insurrection, and so forth. * Transfer risk, in which the government interferes with a firm’s ability to shift funds into and out of the country. Questions for Discussion 2.- What is the impact of vigorous enforcement of intellectual property rights on the world economy? Who gains and who loses form strict enforcement of these laws? * The impact vigorous enforcement of intellectual property rights on the world economy will be very benefits for development countries but for poor countries it will be a big economic problem because they have a habit to live with piracy products, and the familiar economy can’t pay for medium cost products like dvd, books, music, etc. * The real authors publishing companies will gain and mafias of piracy will lose because they live of that kind of work.

Toulmin Argument

Abby Boyce English 1201 Professor McGehee 10/22/2012 Cover Sheet a) Who is your audience? My audience applies to everyone in the US. My audience is very broad because my topic touches base on an issue that can or could potentially affect anyone directly or indirectly as well. b) How would you like your readers to describe the personality you present on the page? My personality is confident. I believe in my argument and feel strongly about it. c) What question does your paper answer? It answers the question as to whether or not there is an issue with police brutality. ) What’s your thesis/claim? Something needs to be done immediately to end the violence and inappropriate discipline being inflicted on our citizens. The harsh discipline we are discovering is being used more and more often should not be tolerated. Abby Boyce English 1201 Professor McGehee 10/22/2012 Toulmin Questionnaire Claim Questions: What’s my claim? Something needs to be done immediately to end the vio lence and inappropriate discipline being inflicted on our citizens. The harsh discipline we are discovering is being used more and more often should not be tolerated.Is it valid? What makes it valid? -Yes. It’s valid because I have lots of evidence and quotes from sources to back me up as well as strong warrants and backing to help support me as well. I truly believe in my claim and will defend it fully. Is it practical? Can it actually be acted out? Yes, and yes. It touches base on a topic that is growing and becoming a big problem in society. Using â€Å"sociological terms† it is becoming a macro problem. It’s no longer a micro one. Are there qualifications I must make to my claim?I’m not necessarily sure this question pertains well to my topic specifically, but I don’t feel there are any qualifications I must obtain to be able to state and back up my claim other than the fact that you must have some good evidence and knowledge on the topic. What will be some possible challenges to my claim? Some may oppose by saying the media is making police brutality into a bigger issue than it really is, or that the violence police use is justified as â€Å"self-defense†. Who could benefit most from accepting my claim? Who may be harmed or benefit the least?All citizens can benefit. The people that may not agree or like my claim is the police departments who hired police officers who have been offenders of police brutality. Grounds questions: What are my grounds? – According to the St. Paul yearly analysis, in 2010 crime rates for homicides alone have shot up 9% since 2001. – â€Å"In 1982, the federal government funded a â€Å"Police Services Study† in which over 12,000 randomly selected citizens were interviewed in three metropolitan areas. Do I have sufficient evidence to support my claim? Yes.I used pieces of quotes from the StarTribune as well as statistics from a trusted website. Do I have pieces of ev idence that are compelling? Least compelling? Some of my quotes are more coercive than others. The statistics I used are stronger than the quotes I used from the StarTribune because the quotes seem more like an opinion rather than a solid fact. Warrant questions: What are my Warrants? – â€Å"To believe there is an issue with the criminal justice system, you must recognize the problem as well as believe that cops are not trained to nflict physical abuse on citizens, they are trained to help the community and to only get physical when demonstrating self-defense. † – â€Å"Of course believing that cops can be racially discriminating, means that you must believe racism is still a common problem in today’s society. † What other warrants may underlie the ones I have identified? There were a few different warrants I could have made for my grounds. For example, the first I could have said that in order to believe that police are role models you must belie ve that in most situations cops do or have benefited the community in some way shape or form.Am I prepared to stand behind my warrant, regardless of the opposing views? Yes. I truly believe in where I stand on this issue and I believe I have a strong argument. Backing Questions: What is my backing? – Cops must complete a two year degree before they can be a certified officer. – It’s still a big problem because people are not bringing enough attention to it for it to be recognized. Does my backing apply in all cases? Why or why not? Yes. My backing is aimed to back-up my warrants to the best of my ability. Abby Boyce English 1201Professor McGehee 10/22/2012 Formal Outline I. â€Å"In the middle of broad daylight, August 28th, 2012, laid a man helpless and defenseless after being kicked, beat, and sprayed repeatedly with a chemical irritant. † a. Refer to StarTribune article and discuss background/situation that happened b. Claim: Something needs to be done immediately to end the violence and inappropriate discipline being inflicted on our citizens. The harsh discipline we are discovering is being used more and more often should not be tolerated. II.Cops, especially street cops, are supposed to be the role-models of the community and are hired to benefit the community, not harm it. a. Grounds: Give statistics from St. Paul homicide ratings b. Grounds: Define police brutality c. Grounds: Use quote from the StarTribune III. Warrant: To believe there is an issue with the criminal justice system, you must recognize the problem as well as believe that cops are not trained to inflict physical abuse on citizens, they are trained to help the community and to only get physical when demonstrating self-defense. a.Backing: Cops must complete a two year degree before they can be a certified officer. The reason for this is so that they can learn the ethics that must be used while on duty as well as many other classes that teach the duties that must be performed and how to go about them. IV. Claim: We are discovering that most brutality is directed against minority groups or otherwise powerless populations. a. The importance of understanding racism in the context of police brutality needs to be brought to attention and is extremely out of line. b. Grounds: Quote CliffNotes. com V.Warrant: Of course believing that cops can be racially discriminating, means that you must believe racism is still a common problem in today’s society. a. Backing: It’s still a big problem because people are not bringing enough attention to it for it to be recognized. b. Grounds: Use example that relates to my experience c. Grounds: Use CliffNotes quote VI. Qualifier: With all that said, there is only one exception to my argument which is, if a citizen threatens to use a lethal weapon on an officer or if a citizen gets physically violent against an officer, then physically restraining that person is reasonable and just.In officer trainin g schools they are taught to use self-defense when necessary. a. Once put into physical restraints or if the citizen has calmed down or promised to cooperate, the self-defense should end immediately. b. Officers can and should always remain on high alert though. VII. If we want our officers to be treated with respect, and our 911 systems to be effective to end crime, then police brutality should not be tolerated and should end immediately in order to keep citizens safe and ensured that our criminal justice system is working to benefit the community in a positive way. Abby BoyceEnglish 1201 Professor McGehee 10/22/2012 Police Brutality Awareness In the middle of broad daylight, August 28th, 2012, laid a man helpless and defenseless after being kicked, beat, and sprayed repeatedly with a chemical irritant. We later come to find out that man is named Eric Hightower, and according to the article â€Å"Police Brutality in the Age of YouTube† in the StarTribune, he has had previous run-ins with the law, but on August 28th his offense that caused the policeman (St. Paul officer Jesse Zilge) to violently kick and beat this man, while he lie on a St. Paul sidewalk, is unknown.Shortly after the incident a video was posted on YouTube, which provided solid evidence that this cop was completely out of line. But it’s not the first time there have been issues with the morality and brutality of our local and nationwide officers. Something needs to be done immediately to end the violence and inappropriate discipline being inflicted on our citizens. The harsh discipline we are discovering is being used more and more often should not be tolerated. Cops, especially street cops, are supposed to be the role-models of the community and are hired to benefit the community, not harm it.According to the St. Paul yearly analysis, in 2010 crime rates for homicides alone have shot up 9% since 2001. Many of those crimes may have been easily prevented if cops had been doing the ir job correctly and using appropriate punishment only when needed. Many citizens have become scared to call 911 and involve the police because they don’t trust the actions they will take. In reality, the police should be making you feel at ease and knowing you can call them for help should be something people should feel comfortable doing.Police brutality is defined as the intentional use of excessive force by a police officer. It takes many forms, including physical abuse, verbal attacks, and psychological intimidation. In the most recent years, we are seeing more and more cops being put on trial for their violent conduct. The story of Eric Hightower is just one of the many recently reported and investigated stories of victimized citizens being put in physical harm by cops. It’s beginning to make many of us wonder how many times there have been incidents like this in the past that have never been reported.It was brought to my attention more closely than ever when it was as stated in the StartTribune, â€Å"If an officer can kick someone in front of witnesses and a camera, how often do those types of attacks happen at night when cameras aren’t rolling? † Of course, to believe there is an issue with the criminal justice system, you must recognize the problem as well as believe that cops are not trained to inflict physical abuse on citizens, they are trained to help the community and to only get physical when demonstrating self-defense.Even when using self-defense should it ever be okay to kick someone, along with â€Å"slam someone's head onto the car hood† (according to the StarTribune in the Hightower story)? The answer is no. If cops are supposed to be preventing physical abuse and fighting why on earth would it ever be okay for them to use it. Cops must complete a two year degree before they can be a certified officer. The reason for this is so that they can learn the ethics that must be used while on duty as well as many other classes that teach the duties that must be performed and how to go about them.Knowing that, I have a very hard time believing there is any circumstance an officer could say that they were unaware their behavior was out of line. We are discovering that most brutality is directed against minority groups or otherwise powerless populations. Officers who engage in brutality rationalize their use of inappropriate force by claiming they are punishing those groups that threaten to disrupt the social order. The importance of understanding racism in the context of police brutality needs to be brought to attention and is extremely out of line.Many police automatically regard racial minority group members as potentially dangerous regardless of their particular activities, gestures, or attire. This perception of racial minority citizens as â€Å"trouble† sometimes translates into racially discriminatory police behavior. According to CliffNotes. com, â€Å"In 1982, the federal gove rnment funded a â€Å"Police Services Study† in which over 12,000 randomly selected citizens were interviewed in three metropolitan areas. The study found that 13 percent of those surveyed had been victims of police brutality the previous year.Yet only 30 percent of those who acknowledged such brutality filed formal complaints. † I would be willing to bet that over 50% of those citizens, who endured the police brutality, are minorities or racially different from the cop that inflicted the abuse upon them. Of course believing that cops can be racially discriminating, means that you must believe racism is still a common problem in today’s society. Which in fact, it most definitely is. It’s still a big problem because people are not bringing enough attention to it for it to be recognized.For example, before reading the article in the StarTribune and prior to taking a Criminal Justice class that focused on the racially discriminating cops, I had no idea this w as even an issue. It needs to be brought in the public eye so that people can start voluntarily coming forward and so the problem can be solved nationwide. I believe we this is a realistic request and hope for our future, because recently Departments in some cities, for example, have adopted special training programs to reduce incidents of police brutality.Other departments have formulated rules that limit the use of force by the police. Preventive control also requires supervising officers (for example, conducting surveillance of officers' work) and disciplining those who violate departmental standards. A few amount of cities aroung the US are developing early warning systems to identify officers with high rates of citizen complaints. These incidents should be investigated, and if verified, the officers involved should be charged, disciplined, restrained, and/or counseled.According to CliffNotes. com, â€Å"Pittsburgh, for example, launched a $1. 5 million computer system. It moni tors every aspect of an officer's professional life—from the number of citizen complaints filed against the officer to the race of every person the officer arrests. † With all that said, there is only one exception to my argument which is, if a citizen threatens to use a lethal weapon on an officer or if a citizen gets physically violent against an officer, then physically restraining that person is reasonable and just.In officer training schools they are taught to use self-defense when necessary. Many officers though, are abusing that privilege. Once put into physical restraints or if the citizen has calmed down or promised to cooperate, the self-defense should end immediately. This does not mean that the officer should not be on high alert, but physically, he or she should not be getting physical with the citizen. If we want our officers to be treated with respect, and our 911 systems to be effective to end crime, then police brutality should not be tolerated and shou ld end mmediately in order to keep citizens safe and ensured that our criminal justice system is working to benefit the community in a positive way. Abby Boyce English 1201 Professor McGehee 10/22/2012Citations CliffsNotes. com. Police Brutality. 21 Oct 2012 ;lt;http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9975. html;gt;. Editorial Board, . â€Å"Police brutality in the age of YouTube. † StartTribune. 09 2012: 1. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. ;lt;http://www. startribune. com/opinion/editorials/168689626. html? refer=y;gt;.